Substitution of rice brand had the impact on organoleptic properties and nutritional value of yogurt

ABSTRAKLatar Bekalang: Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara agraris, beras merupakan makanan pokok warganya, dengan setiap tahun mampu memproduksi beras yakni 32 juta ton. Bekatul beras merupakan limbah hasil penggilingan padi yang biasanya digunakan sebagai pakan hewan, sebagai pangan fungsional mengandung banyak zat gizi yaitu protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat kasar dan vitamin B1, namun konsumsinya masih rendah karena kandungan lemak yang tinggi menyebabkan mudah rusak, kurang tahan lama dan berbau tengik, sehingga perlu dilakukan versivikasi pangan guna meningkatkan konsumsi bekatul salah satunya dengan ditambahkan ke yogurt. Yogurt merupakan produk fermentasi susu dengan bakteri Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophiles berikut manfaatnya yaitu sebagai sumber kalsium, anti bakteri, untuk mengurangi kolesterol, dan penderita obesitas.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh substitusi tepung bekatul terhadap sifat organoleptik dan nilai zat gizi pada produk yogurt bekatul. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan menggunakan RAL (Racangan Acak Lengkap) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 2 kali ulangan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah yogurt bekatul dengan formula yaitu P0 (175 g susu UHT: 0% bekatul), P1 (165 g susu UHT: 5% bekatul), P2 (155 g susu UHT: 10% bekatul), P3 (145 g susu UHT: 15% bekatul). Pada sifat organoleptik (uji kesukaan) yaitu dari rasa, aroma, tekstur, warna dan keseluruhan. Pada analisis nilai gizi yang diukur meliputi kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat, gula reduksi, dan gula total.Hasil: Berdasarkan pengujian sifat organoleptik atau uji kesukaan yogurt substitusi tepung bekatul pada atribut warna, rasa, aroma dan keseluruhan, yogurt bekatul P1 (165 g susu UHT: 5% tepung bekatul) paling disukai panelis. Dari hasil pengujian nilai gizi yogurt bekatul P3 (145 g susu UHT: 15% bekatul) memiliki kadar abu, protein, lemak dan serat, gula total paling tinggi. Namun kadar air, karbohidrat, dan gula reduksi paling rendah. Kesimpulan: Makin banyak substitusi tepung bekatul, maka makin tinggi nilai gizi yogurt bekatul. Namun kesukaan panelis terhadap yogurt bekatul makin rendah.KATA KUNCI: yogurt bekatul, sifat organoleptik, nilai giziABSTRACTBackground: Indonesia is known as an agricultural country, rice is the staple food of citizens, each year capable of producing 32 million tons of rice. Rice bran was a waste of rice mill which is usually used as animal feed, as functional food contains many nutrients such as protein; fat; carbohydrate; crude fiber; and vitamin B1, but the consumption is still low because the high fat content causes easily damaged, less durable, and rancid smell. So, it is necessary to do food diversification to increase bran consumption, such as by addition to yogurt. Yogurt is a fermented milk product from Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria and Streptococcus thermophilus along with its benefits as a source of calcium, anti-bacterial, reducing cholesterol, and lowering of body weight.Objectives: To know the effect of rice bran substitution on organoleptic properties and nutritional value of rice bran yoghurt products.Methods: The study was experimental used complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 2 replications. The sample of this research was rice bran yoghurt with formula that were P0 (175 g of milk UHT: 0% bran), P1 (165 g of UHT milk: 5% bran), P2 (155 g of UHT milk: 10% bran), P3 (145 g UHT milk: 15% bran). Organoleptic properties (hedonic test) were analyzed from the taste, aroma, texture, color, and overall; whereas nutritional values measured were moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, reducing sugar, and total sugar contents.Results: Based on organoleptic properties test in all parameters, P1 formula was most preferred by panelists. However, the highest of protein, fat, fiber content, and total sugar was obtained from formula of P3.Conclusions: The more substitution of rice bran into the yogurt, the higher nutritional value, although the panelist’s preference was getting lower.KEYWORDS: nutritional value, organoleptic properties, rice bran, yoghur

ANALISIS PENENTUAN PROFIT SHARING PADA BMT UMI MAKASSAR

2013Penelitian inin bertujuan untuk menganalisis penentuan dan penerapan profit sharing pada BMT UMI di Makassar. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari wawancara langsung dengan pihak terkait dengan profit sharing, dokumentasi, tinjauan kepustakaan, dan mengakses web dan situs-situs terkait. Tinjauan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Akad mudharabah yang dilaksanakan pada BMT UMI Makassar telah sesuai dalam perspektif Islam. Penentuan profit sharing pada BMT UMI Makassar terdapat beberapa point yang terkandung dalam penentuan profit sharing, yaitu Kejujuran, Keadilan, dan Ukhuwah. Sedangkan dalam penerapan profit sharing di BMT UMI Makassar menggunakan akad murabahah. Dalam praktek sebenarnya yang digunakan adalah akad mudharabah, karena transaksi yang dilakukan bukan merupakan jual beli, melainkan pihak BMT UMI Makassar hanya memberikan pinjaman dalam bentuk dana cash (dana tunai) sebagai modal usaha.\ud \ud \ud Kata kunci : Profit Sharing, Mekanisme bagi hasildan Akad mudharabah

Effects Of Sucrose Addition To Lactic Acid Concentrations And Lactic Acid Bacteria Population Of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Ternatea L.) Yogurt (Peer Review)

Peer Revie

Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Bunga Telang (clitoria ternatea)terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat pada pembuatan yogurt Telang (turnitin-score)

ekstrak bunga telang (turnitin score

Pengaruh penambahan ekstrak bunga telang (clitoria ternatea) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat pada pembuatan yogurt Telang (Peer review)

peer revie

The Addition of Blue Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) Extract Increase Antioxidant Activity in Yogurt from Various Types of Milk

Blue pea flower (Clitoriaternatea L.) is known as the source of anthocyanin and has potential as a natural blue dye. The present study aimed to determine the effect of addtitional blue pea flower (BPFE)to yogurt from various types of milk. The study used dried blue pea flowers, extracted with water in 3:1 (g/L) ratio, at the extraction condition of 60ºC and 45 minutes. The fermentation was processed by adding BPFE to (A) liquid skim milk, (B) ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk, (C) pasteurized milk, (D) UHT milk with skim powder, and (E) pasteurized milk with skim powder. Then, the yogurt starter was added to all milk samples, evenly mixedand incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. The fermentation of all five different milks to make plain yogurt also processed with same method without addition of BPFE.The antioxidant activity and color intensity of yogurt are evaluated to investigate the effect of BPFE in yogurt. The result showed that the plain yogurt without the addition of BPFE has antioxidant activity and increases with the addition of BPFE. Skim milk BPFE yogurt has the highest antioxidant activity (437.04 ppm) with the values of L, a, b was 37.35; 2.02; -1.32, respectively. Antioxidant activity of the other BPFE yogurt, which was added with skim milk, also increased.The BPFE yogurt made from skim milk or added skim milk had higher antioxidant activity than the other types of milk

Consensus Paper: Situated and Embodied Language Acquisition

Theories of embodied cognition postulate that perceptual, sensorimotor, and affective properties of concepts support language learning and processing. In this paper, we argue that language acquisition, as well as processing, is situated in addition to being embodied. In particular, first, it is the situated nature of initial language development that affords for the developing system to become embodied. Second, the situated nature of language use changes across development and adulthood. We provide evidence from empirical studies for embodied effects of perception, action, and valence as they apply to both embodied cognition and situated cognition across developmental stages. Although the evidence is limited, we urge researchers to consider differentiating embodied cognition within situated context, in order to better understand how these separate mechanisms interact for learning to occur. This delineation also provides further clarity to the study of classroom-based applications and the role of embodied and situated cognition in the study of developmental disorders. We argue that theories of language acquisition need to address for the complex situated context of real-world learning by completing a “circular notion”: observing experimental paradigms in real-world settings and taking these observations to later refine lab-based experiments

Consensus Paper: Situated and Embodied Language Acquisition

Theories of embodied cognition postulate that perceptual, sensorimotor, and affective properties of concepts support language learning and processing. In this paper, we argue that language acquisition, as well as processing, is situated in addition to being embodied. In particular, first, it is the situated nature of initial language development that affords for the developing system to become embodied. Second, the situated nature of language use changes across development and adulthood. We provide evidence from empirical studies for embodied effects of perception, action, and valence as they apply to both embodied cognition and situated cognition across developmental stages. Although the evidence is limited, we urge researchers to consider differentiating embodied cognition within situated context, in order to better understand how these separate mechanisms interact for learning to occur. This delineation also provides further clarity to the study of classroom-based applications and the role of embodied and situated cognition in the study of developmental disorders. We argue that theories of language acquisition need to address for the complex situated context of real-world learning by completing a “circular notion”: observing experimental paradigms in real-world settings and taking these observations to later refine lab-based experiments

Al margen. Reflexiones en torno a la imagen

Colección de textos de investigación en torno a la imagen fija y la imagen en movimiento

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London